

Get to Know More about Coryza and How to Prevent it?
Coryza infection is an acute upper respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum. This disease can damage the upper respiratory system of chickens, especially in the nasal cavity. This bacterium is an organism that is easy to die outside the host's body. This bacterium will remain infectious for 24-48 hours at a temperature of 37°C in exudate and chicken tissue, whereas at a temperature of 45 - 55°C, it can be inactivated within 2 - 10 minutes.
Coryza infection has a low mortality rate but a high morbidity rate. Chickens of all ages are susceptible. If infected at around 18-23 weeks of age or before the egg-laying period, there will be a delay in the production period. The severity of this disease infection depends on age, secondary infection, immune status, and stress levels in chickens.
The incubation period of this disease is relatively short, which is between 24-46 hours, sometimes even up to 72 hours, with the disease process lasting around 6-14 days in broilers and 2-3 months in layers. In adult chickens, the incubation period is usually shorter, but the disease process tends to be longer. Chickens that recover from the infection will develop a certain degree of immunity against coryza.
The earliest observable symptom is sneezing, followed by exudate (fluid) coming out of the nasal or eyes. Initially, the liquid will be clear and watery and then turn thick and smell bad and mix with feces or feed. Those can cause slight facial swelling. Sometimes, there is redness on the eyelids in chickens which often causes the eyes to close. Usually, chickens also snore, and breath through their mouths, this incident is heard at night. If the area of the nasal cavity, face, and eyes is surgically removed, you will find heaps of caseous (cheesy) exudate. Chickens with these conditions can lose their appetite which can affect growth and decrease in production in laying hens.
Initial prevention can be carried out by apply strict biosecurity program followed by a cleaning program by administering medicine within a specified time. Another prevention is by vaccinating using a vaccine that is homologous to the specific bacteria. Vaksimune Coryza L is an inactivated vaccine for the bacteria Avibacterium paragallinarum serovar A, B, C, and Vaksimune Coryza LE Plus which is an inactive vaccine for bacteria Avibacterium paragallinarum serovar A, B, C that formulated in water - in - oil - in – water. Those two vaccines can caused immunity to coryza infectious disease.
To obtain protection titers in commercial laying hens, a minimum of 2 times of vaccine administration and a best of 3 times before entering the production period. The first vaccine schedule is around 5-6 weeks of age and the second around 15-16 weeks. If given 3 times, the first vaccine is around 5-6 weeks, the second 9-10 weeks, and the third 15-16 weeks. Vaccination before the outbreak and before the production period, accompanied by a strict management program, is hoped to provide immunity against coryza infectious disease. If one-day chickens are infected by those viruses, it can reduce the effect of morbidity. The treatment when the outbreak occurs is immediately revaccinating using Vaksimune Coryza L and mass treatment, then tightening biosecurity to prevent the spread of the disease.
by drh. Umi Mufidah
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